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Culture/Creator
Baluch
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Turkmen -- Chobi
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War Rugs -- Afghanista...
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War Rugs -- Afghanista...
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1.
AK47
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; AK-47 rifle
This rug features the ubiquitous AK-47 Soviet assault rifle as well as several helicopters, personnel carriers, grenades and what may be a missile. The style has proven popular abroad and has been widely reproduced. Rendered with sensitivity, it suggests what must be a great visual awareness of weapons
2.
AK47
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; AK-47 rifle
The AK-47 or Kalashnikov is a Soviet assault rifle developed in the 1940’s. It was used by the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, hence this carpet with its imposing rifle, might suggest Russian occupation. However, AK-47 copies were also used by the Mujahidin and the Taliban. Depending on the viewer the rug could suggest freedom from foreign political or ideological oppression. To the foreign nationals who purchased the rug, it is likely the rifle is emblematic of Afghanistan and complex counterinsurgency
3.
Amanullah Khan
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Amanullah Khan, Amir of Afghanistan, 1892-1960
Shah Amanullah Khan was ruler of Afghanistan between 1919 and 1929. A controversial leader, he attempted to modernize and liberalize Afghanistan through various reforms. At the time Afghanistan was a pawn in the “Great Game” played between Britain and Russia for control of Central Asia. Amanullah Khan attacked the British and initiated the Third Anglo-Afghan War gaining independence for Afghanistan in 1921. Shown in dress uniform, his upright, robust figure stands for renewed nationalism.
4.
Bridge Rug
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--social life and customs
This colourful rug appears to depict a modern-looking bridge over a busy street lined with traffic. At one end of the street is a mosque and in the sky are helicopters and jets. It is not clear whether the rug is depicting some real or hoped for!
5.
Clock Tower I
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
There are increasing numbers of carpets featuring Afghan cityscapes and heritage sites. This one represents a clock tower, likely in Kabul with a river and rows of vehicles. It is surrounded by a particularly bold, traditional border. From the vantage point of an outsider, it functions like a postcard; evoking memories of visited places and events. It is also possible, however, that it speaks to an emergent Afghan nationalism, celebrating local history.
6.
Constitution
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Constitutions--Afghanistan ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--2001-
Another rug featured in the 2006 exhibition, “Made in Afghanistan”, which was not in Rob Fyke’s collection was one we called “Constitution”. This rug was based on a poster promoting an Afghan-authored constitution. It featured a map of Afghanistan on which nine individuals (including two women) representing different ethnic communities, are arranged around an inscribed white sheet. For any of the Afghans who visited the exhibition, this seemed to be the only rug that interested them. Once again, Rob wrote to his Peshawar friend and rug dealer, with a request to order a copy of this rug. Apparently, the rug (or perhaps the original poster) was not as well known as he might have liked. The borrowed rug is part of the collection of the Textile Museum of Canada.
7.
Constitution
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Constitutions--Afghanistan ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--2001-
Another rug featured in the 2006 exhibition, “Made in Afghanistan”, which was not in Rob Fyke’s collection was one we called “Constitution”. This rug was based on a poster promoting an Afghan-authored constitution. It featured a map of Afghanistan on which nine individuals (including two women) representing different ethnic communities, are arranged around an inscribed white sheet. For any of the Afghans who visited the exhibition, this seemed to be the only rug that interested them. Once again, Rob wrote to his Peshawar friend and rug dealer, with a request to order a copy of this rug. Apparently, the rug (or perhaps the original poster) was not as well known as he might have liked. The borrowed rug is part of the collection of the Textile Museum of Canada.
8.
Exodus of the Soviet Union I
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--1989-2001 ; Military weapons
This rug commemorates the departure of Soviet forces from Afghanistan. On the “Friendship Bridge”, heading north, are three Soviet BTR 60A Armoured Personnel Carriers. On the bloody red map of Afghanistan are what appear to be Soviet Mil Mi-24 Helicopters (aka Hind) with three Mil Mi-28 Helicopters (aka Havoc) in the air above the map. The rug also features AK-47s, several grenades, and two RPG 7V Grenade Launchers. The inscription refers to the departure of the Soviets.
9.
Exodus of the Soviet Union II
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Constitutions--Afghanistan ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--1989-2001
This rug is very similar to 2009.011.000 suggesting that popular designs are shared among weavers.
10.
Friendship Bridge
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--1973-1989
This early war rug depicts the “Friendship Bridge” linking northern Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Built by the Soviets in 1982, it was used to transport troops and supplies until their withdrawal in 1989. On either side of the bridge are landing barges, ostensibly from Hungary. They are inscribed with a date corresponding to June/July 1990, Ghor (the name of an Afghan province), “Ihumagrh” (Hungary?) and the Dari word for carpet (kaleen).
11.
Garden Runner with Weapons
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
This was one of the last rugs Rob Fyke added to his collection and in many ways the most enigmatic. In a garden-like setting with trees, flowers, a camel, several recoilless rifles, jets and helicopters it features a number of recognizable buildings. These include what is likely the Eid Gah Masjid in Kabul, the Herat Masjid, as well as the Monument to Afghan soldiers and Victory Arch located in Paghman Gardens. Paghman Gardens were built by Shah Amanullah Khan after his European tour of 1927-28, as a retreat from the heat and congestion of Kabul. Located in the foothills, the area became a Mujahidin stronghold during the war with the Soviets and again during the Civil War. Apart from the heavily damaged Victory Arch, little remains today. The carpet features a variety of inscriptions with references to historic figures including Wazir Akbar Khan a Pashtun hero from the first Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842).
12.
Ground Attack Aircraft
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Airplanes, Military ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
The arrival of the Soviets into Afghanistan in 1979 encouraged widespread displacement and migration. Some estimates suggest 3.2 million Afghans migrated to Pakistan, 2.3 million to Iran and others to India, Turkey, US, Canada, Australia and various European countries. This rug was likely woven by an Afghan Baluch woman, near Mashhad, a city in eastern Iran. The lobed medallions and white-ground are inspired by the local carpet weaving traditions. It features motifs that are traditional and novel, including Soviet aircraft, possibly the SU-15, SU-25 or Mig-21. Without the use of Afghan immigrant weavers, Iran’s participation in the international hand-woven carpet market would be limited.
13.
Herat Citadel
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
This carpet depicts the Qal'ah or Citadel of Herat, a city in western Afghanistan. The Citadel sits on a mound in the northern part of the city and may be the site of a fort built by Alexander the Great in 330BC. Saved from destruction in the 1950’s, it was restored in the 70’s and today, operates as a museum. In front of the Citadel is a street scene dominated by a Frontier truck. The Frontier was used by Aid Agency workers, members of the Taliban, the Mujahidin, and later, US forces.
14.
Herat Mosque with Column
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Mosques ; Herat (Afghanistan)
The Great Mosque of Herat (Masjid-i Jami) is a large, congregational mosque in Herat, a city in western Afghanistan. It was built on the site of earlier mosques from about 1200 AD and has been added to and restored frequently since then. Boxy, perhaps Soviet-style vehicles line the road in front of the mosque, while jets fill the skies.
15.
Jam Minaret
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle east--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
The twelfth century minaret at Jam in Ghor Province in central Afghanistan is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Built in a steep valley at the junction of two rivers, it likely commemorates a military conquest. It stands sixty five meters high, is made of fired brick and is richly embellished with tiles. At the base of the minaret is a river and two poppy plants. The inscription, in Dari, is translated as ‘glass jam’
16.
Made in Afghanistan
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century; Military weapons ; Vehicles, Miliary ; Maps, Afghanistan
This carpet was likely woven in a workshop in a refugee camp in Pakistan. Many war rugs from period have become ‘poster-like’ in size, in feel (very dense and hard) and with the use of strong hard-edged graphics on a white ground. This piece depicts a variety of arms and vehicles of Soviet manufacture arranged around and on a green map of Afghanistan. The diagonal band protruding from the top of the map is the ‘Friendship Bridge”, formerly used to transport supplies to Russian soldiers, but here depicting their exodus. The Dari language inscriptions refer to their departure.
17.
Map of Afghanistan with Provinces
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Central, Asia--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Maps, Afghanistan
This woven map of Afghanistan shows the provincial boundaries. At the top (right hand side) of the rug is a symbol that may represent the Afghan Coat of Arms.
18.
Massoud
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle east--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 1953-2001
Ahmad Shah Massoud was a prominent commander of the Mujahidin during the Soviet occupation and an outspoken critic of the Taliban. Two days before 9-11, he was assassinated by suicide bombers posing as reporters. He was nominated for a Nobel peace prize and awarded the title ‘Hero of the Afghan Nation’ by the interim government led by Hamid Kharzai in 2001. Images of Massoud, including rugs, have great currency in Afghanistan. This depiction shows a young, vigorous Massoud surrounded by inscriptions and symbols attesting to his untimely death, his faith, and courage.
19.
Najibullah
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1989-2001 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai was the last president of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, left in power by the Soviets after their withdrawal in 1989. He was detested by the Taliban for being anti-Islamic and a Communist. In 1996, after the Taliban seized Kabul, he was tortured and hung. His image here with the Soviet hand holding him in place is a graphic reminder of the lingering effects of the Cold War.
20.
Najibullah
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1973-1989 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996
In 2006 Robert Fyke collaborated on an exhibition of war rugs at The Nickle Arts Museum called “Made in Afghanistan: Rugs and Resistance, 1979-2005”. We chose to examine the development of war rugs borrowing selected examples to complement our scheme. One of the rugs that Rob’s collection did not have was Najibullah—a rug we believed was commonly known and traded. In the fall of 2005, Rob wrote to his Peshawar rug dealer friend and drew a quick sketch of the rug he had in mind. Two years later, this bizarre, thumb-nail sketch of a rug arrived in Calgary.
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