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1. Clock Tower Clock Tower War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century This rug represents a new development in Afghan rug production with its almost photographic realism. The vehicles are shown receding into the background and, in some cases, driving away from the viewer. The minimal border and the fact it is woven sideways enhances the panoramic sweep of the Kabul cityscape. Like “Clock Tower I” (2009.003.000), it features a modern looking tower with a clock face. Students have commented on the prevalence of red, green and black in the rug—the colours of the Afghan flag.
2. Clock Tower I Clock Tower I War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs There are increasing numbers of carpets featuring Afghan cityscapes and heritage sites. This one represents a clock tower, likely in Kabul with a river and rows of vehicles. It is surrounded by a particularly bold, traditional border. From the vantage point of an outsider, it functions like a postcard; evoking memories of visited places and events. It is also possible, however, that it speaks to an emergent Afghan nationalism, celebrating local history.
3. Constitution Constitution War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Constitutions--Afghanistan ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--2001- Another rug featured in the 2006 exhibition, “Made in Afghanistan”, which was not in Rob Fyke’s collection was one we called “Constitution”. This rug was based on a poster promoting an Afghan-authored constitution. It featured a map of Afghanistan on which nine individuals (including two women) representing different ethnic communities, are arranged around an inscribed white sheet. For any of the Afghans who visited the exhibition, this seemed to be the only rug that interested them. Once again, Rob wrote to his Peshawar friend and rug dealer, with a request to order a copy of this rug. Apparently, the rug (or perhaps the original poster) was not as well known as he might have liked. The borrowed rug is part of the collection of the Textile Museum of Canada.
4. Constitution Constitution War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Constitutions--Afghanistan ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--2001- Another rug featured in the 2006 exhibition, “Made in Afghanistan”, which was not in Rob Fyke’s collection was one we called “Constitution”. This rug was based on a poster promoting an Afghan-authored constitution. It featured a map of Afghanistan on which nine individuals (including two women) representing different ethnic communities, are arranged around an inscribed white sheet. For any of the Afghans who visited the exhibition, this seemed to be the only rug that interested them. Once again, Rob wrote to his Peshawar friend and rug dealer, with a request to order a copy of this rug. Apparently, the rug (or perhaps the original poster) was not as well known as he might have liked. The borrowed rug is part of the collection of the Textile Museum of Canada.
5. Eight Tank Rug Eight Tank Rug War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Tanks This rug features vertical rows of Soviet BTR60 Armoured Personnel Carriers with an intricate border. Woven by Baluch weavers, it has much in common with traditional designs. The repetition of motifs on these rugs and their simplification suggests their possible role as aids for the recognition of weapons.
6. Four Horsemen with Rifles Four Horsemen with Rifles War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs This carpet’s design is based on ‘hunting’ carpets woven from the time of the Safavid rulers of Iran as well as during the reign of the Mughals in India. Typically they depict scenes of rulers on horseback hunting, surrounded by animals and lush vegetation. The animals frequently include lions mauling other animals. Together with the horses, they suggest power, prowess, and political might.
7. Friendship Bridge Friendship Bridge War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--1973-1989 This early war rug depicts the “Friendship Bridge” linking northern Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Built by the Soviets in 1982, it was used to transport troops and supplies until their withdrawal in 1989. On either side of the bridge are landing barges, ostensibly from Hungary. They are inscribed with a date corresponding to June/July 1990, Ghor (the name of an Afghan province), “Ihumagrh” (Hungary?) and the Dari word for carpet (kaleen).
8. Herat Citadel Herat Citadel War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs This carpet depicts the Qal'ah or Citadel of Herat, a city in western Afghanistan. The Citadel sits on a mound in the northern part of the city and may be the site of a fort built by Alexander the Great in 330BC. Saved from destruction in the 1950’s, it was restored in the 70’s and today, operates as a museum. In front of the Citadel is a street scene dominated by a Frontier truck. The Frontier was used by Aid Agency workers, members of the Taliban, the Mujahidin, and later, US forces.
9. Herat Mosque with Column Herat Mosque with Column War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Mosques ; Herat (Afghanistan) The Great Mosque of Herat (Masjid-i Jami) is a large, congregational mosque in Herat, a city in western Afghanistan. It was built on the site of earlier mosques from about 1200 AD and has been added to and restored frequently since then. Boxy, perhaps Soviet-style vehicles line the road in front of the mosque, while jets fill the skies.
10. Jam Minaret Jam Minaret War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle east--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs The twelfth century minaret at Jam in Ghor Province in central Afghanistan is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Built in a steep valley at the junction of two rivers, it likely commemorates a military conquest. It stands sixty five meters high, is made of fired brick and is richly embellished with tiles. At the base of the minaret is a river and two poppy plants. The inscription, in Dari, is translated as ‘glass jam’
11. Made in Afghanistan Made in Afghanistan War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century; Military weapons ; Vehicles, Miliary ; Maps, Afghanistan This carpet was likely woven in a workshop in a refugee camp in Pakistan. Many war rugs from period have become ‘poster-like’ in size, in feel (very dense and hard) and with the use of strong hard-edged graphics on a white ground. This piece depicts a variety of arms and vehicles of Soviet manufacture arranged around and on a green map of Afghanistan. The diagonal band protruding from the top of the map is the ‘Friendship Bridge”, formerly used to transport supplies to Russian soldiers, but here depicting their exodus. The Dari language inscriptions refer to their departure.
12. Najibullah Najibullah War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1973-1989 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996 In 2006 Robert Fyke collaborated on an exhibition of war rugs at The Nickle Arts Museum called “Made in Afghanistan: Rugs and Resistance, 1979-2005”. We chose to examine the development of war rugs borrowing selected examples to complement our scheme. One of the rugs that Rob’s collection did not have was Najibullah—a rug we believed was commonly known and traded. In the fall of 2005, Rob wrote to his Peshawar rug dealer friend and drew a quick sketch of the rug he had in mind. Two years later, this bizarre, thumb-nail sketch of a rug arrived in Calgary.
13. Prayer Rug with War Motifs Prayer Rug with War Motifs War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Tanks ; Vehicles, Military ; Airplanes, Military The origins of war rugs is often linked to the Baluch peoples living near the city of Herat in Western Afghanistan. Here, it is believed, the Soviet military presence inspired women to begin incorporating new motifs into their weavings. The floppy feel of this rug combined with its glossy wool, goat’s hair selvedges and the combination of traditional and novel motifs suggest it is an early attempt, woven by a Baluch woman on a horizontal loom.
14. Snowy Landscape Snowy Landscape War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs This recent carpet features an abstract landscape and street scene. Adding to the uncertainty of the piece is the row of helicopters hovering amidst the snow.
15. Twelve Tank Rug Twelve Tank Rug War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Tanks Like “Eight Tank Rug” (2009.001.000), this rug features two vertical rows of Soviet BTR60 Armoured Personnel Carriers, the topmost turned upside down. Although the same date has been given to both rugs, this one appears slightly later given its simplified border, the absence of knotted fringes, and the introduction of bright colours and new motifs including AK-47s and MiG 21 jet fighters.
16. Two Ewer Rug Two Ewer Rug War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Tanks ; Military weapons This rug is a variation on a traditional design that features a symmetrical arrangement of ewers, birds, tanks and AK-47s. Traditionally ewers holding water are used to cleanse hands before a meal. They are a symbol of gracious hospitality at odds with the surrounding military motifs.
17. Warrior Warrior War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Tanks It is unclear what the dark, horned figure in the centre of this ominous carpet represents, however, the red instrument protruding from it is likely a Soviet ZPU-4 Anti-Aircraft machine gun or a ZSU-23-4 Anti-Aircraft Weapon System. Both systems have four gun barrels. Several vehicles can be identified, including a BTR-60 Armoured Personnel Carrier (border, bottom left, third vehicle from the bottom), and a BRDM-2 combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (on the black ‘head’ in the centre). There are also a number of inscriptions in Dari and possibly Russian. The short, Dari inscriptions offer various numbers and dates, the longer inscriptions on the dark ‘head’ refer to the ‘Islamic Government of Afghanistan’, and a ‘my home and country’.
18. Weaponscape Weaponscape War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Military weapons ; Vehicles, military This rug looks like something ripped from an arms catalogue. It depicts a large variety of weapons arranged in a geometric pattern. Ships missiles, tanks and hearts crowded into space patrolled by what may be Soviet BRDM combat reconnaissance vehicles.
19. Zakni War Rug Zakni War Rug War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century This rug was woven by Baluch weavers in a region known as Zakni or Zakini between Herat and Farah in western Afghanistan. A precursor to war rugs, it features the repetitive, geometric patterning common among tribal weavers.
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