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1.
Carpet weaving : history
Carpets ; Weaving
Carpet weaving appears to have developed in those areas where there was an abundant supply of wool and the need for warm, portable, furnishings.
2.
Made in Afghanistan : rugs and resistance, 1979-2005
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century--Exhibitions ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century--Exhibitions
Made in Afghanistan: Rugs and Resistance, 1979-2005 was an exhibition of rugs in 2006 at the Nickle Arts Museum, University of Calgary that offered insight into the recent political history of Afghanistan.
3.
Panjshir Valley
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Panjshir (Afghanistan)
This carpet, woven entirely in soumak, suggests a rural idyll. In the foreground is a large, flowering tree surrounded by deer and birds, a mosque and other buildings and a boat. In the sky, however, are ominous reminders of the war. The carpet’s inscriptions suggests it was woven in Badghis province in 1991. It may show the view from a hill named Saricha, site of the future tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud (see 2009.007.000).
4.
Exodus of the Soviet Union I
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Afghanistan--Politics and government--1989-2001 ; Military weapons
This rug commemorates the departure of Soviet forces from Afghanistan. On the “Friendship Bridge”, heading north, are three Soviet BTR 60A Armoured Personnel Carriers. On the bloody red map of Afghanistan are what appear to be Soviet Mil Mi-24 Helicopters (aka Hind) with three Mil Mi-28 Helicopters (aka Havoc) in the air above the map. The rug also features AK-47s, several grenades, and two RPG 7V Grenade Launchers. The inscription refers to the departure of the Soviets.
5.
Clock Tower I
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
There are increasing numbers of carpets featuring Afghan cityscapes and heritage sites. This one represents a clock tower, likely in Kabul with a river and rows of vehicles. It is surrounded by a particularly bold, traditional border. From the vantage point of an outsider, it functions like a postcard; evoking memories of visited places and events. It is also possible, however, that it speaks to an emergent Afghan nationalism, celebrating local history.
6.
War Rug with Natural Dyes
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Military weapons
Traditionally rugs were woven with the materials at hand—local sheep provided the wool while indigenous plants provided the colour—more exotic materials had to be traded for. While synthetic dyes are now widely used, particularly for exported wares, this little carpet stands somewhat in contrast. It depicts an AK-47 assault rifle beside a grenade—worked in wool dyed with natural dyes.
7.
Eight Tank Rug
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Tanks
This rug features vertical rows of Soviet BTR60 Armoured Personnel Carriers with an intricate border. Woven by Baluch weavers, it has much in common with traditional designs. The repetition of motifs on these rugs and their simplification suggests their possible role as aids for the recognition of weapons.
8.
Herat Citadel
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
This carpet depicts the Qal'ah or Citadel of Herat, a city in western Afghanistan. The Citadel sits on a mound in the northern part of the city and may be the site of a fort built by Alexander the Great in 330BC. Saved from destruction in the 1950’s, it was restored in the 70’s and today, operates as a museum. In front of the Citadel is a street scene dominated by a Frontier truck. The Frontier was used by Aid Agency workers, members of the Taliban, the Mujahidin, and later, US forces.
9.
AK47
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; AK-47 rifle
The AK-47 or Kalashnikov is a Soviet assault rifle developed in the 1940’s. It was used by the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, hence this carpet with its imposing rifle, might suggest Russian occupation. However, AK-47 copies were also used by the Mujahidin and the Taliban. Depending on the viewer the rug could suggest freedom from foreign political or ideological oppression. To the foreign nationals who purchased the rug, it is likely the rifle is emblematic of Afghanistan and complex counterinsurgency
10.
AK47
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; AK-47 rifle
This rug features the ubiquitous AK-47 Soviet assault rifle as well as several helicopters, personnel carriers, grenades and what may be a missile. The style has proven popular abroad and has been widely reproduced. Rendered with sensitivity, it suggests what must be a great visual awareness of weapons
11.
Weaponscape
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Afghanistan--History 21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Military weapons ; Vehicles, military
This rug looks like something ripped from an arms catalogue. It depicts a large variety of weapons arranged in a geometric pattern. Ships missiles, tanks and hearts crowded into space patrolled by what may be Soviet BRDM combat reconnaissance vehicles.
12.
Jam Minaret
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle east--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
The twelfth century minaret at Jam in Ghor Province in central Afghanistan is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Built in a steep valley at the junction of two rivers, it likely commemorates a military conquest. It stands sixty five meters high, is made of fired brick and is richly embellished with tiles. At the base of the minaret is a river and two poppy plants. The inscription, in Dari, is translated as ‘glass jam’
13.
Najibullah
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1973-1989 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996
In 2006 Robert Fyke collaborated on an exhibition of war rugs at The Nickle Arts Museum called “Made in Afghanistan: Rugs and Resistance, 1979-2005”. We chose to examine the development of war rugs borrowing selected examples to complement our scheme. One of the rugs that Rob’s collection did not have was Najibullah—a rug we believed was commonly known and traded. In the fall of 2005, Rob wrote to his Peshawar rug dealer friend and drew a quick sketch of the rug he had in mind. Two years later, this bizarre, thumb-nail sketch of a rug arrived in Calgary.
14.
Najibullah
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1973-1989 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996
In 2006 Robert Fyke collaborated on an exhibition of war rugs at The Nickle Arts Museum called “Made in Afghanistan: Rugs and Resistance, 1979-2005”. We chose to examine the development of war rugs borrowing selected examples to complement our scheme. One of the rugs that Rob’s collection did not have was Najibullah—a rug we believed was commonly known and traded. In the fall of 2005, Rob wrote to his Peshawar rug dealer friend and drew a quick sketch of the rug he had in mind. Two years later, this bizarre, thumb-nail sketch of a rug arrived in Calgary.
15.
Najibullah and Uncle Sam
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Afghanistan--Politics and government, 1973-1989 ; Afghanistan--History--Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 ; Najibullah, Mohammad, 1947-1996
This rug is a variation of the Najibullah rugs. Beside the wide-eyed Najibullah, is Uncle Sam’s Hat with an AK-47 protruding from it. It speaks to the foreign occupation and control of Afghanistan. The map of Afghanistan behind the figures is typically green (for an Islamic state?)—here it is white. As in the other rugs of this type, the red area above Afghanistan is figured with Soviet vehicles, while the blue area below is filled with people and animals.
16.
Ground Attack Aircraft
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Airplanes, Military ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
The arrival of the Soviets into Afghanistan in 1979 encouraged widespread displacement and migration. Some estimates suggest 3.2 million Afghans migrated to Pakistan, 2.3 million to Iran and others to India, Turkey, US, Canada, Australia and various European countries. This rug was likely woven by an Afghan Baluch woman, near Mashhad, a city in eastern Iran. The lobed medallions and white-ground are inspired by the local carpet weaving traditions. It features motifs that are traditional and novel, including Soviet aircraft, possibly the SU-15, SU-25 or Mig-21. Without the use of Afghan immigrant weavers, Iran’s participation in the international hand-woven carpet market would be limited.
17.
Prayer Rug with War Motifs
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--20th century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--20th century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--20th century ; Tanks ; Vehicles, Military ; Airplanes, Military
The origins of war rugs is often linked to the Baluch peoples living near the city of Herat in Western Afghanistan. Here, it is believed, the Soviet military presence inspired women to begin incorporating new motifs into their weavings. The floppy feel of this rug combined with its glossy wool, goat’s hair selvedges and the combination of traditional and novel motifs suggest it is an early attempt, woven by a Baluch woman on a horizontal loom.
18.
Massoud
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle east--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs ; Massoud, Ahmed Shah, 1953-2001
Ahmad Shah Massoud was a prominent commander of the Mujahidin during the Soviet occupation and an outspoken critic of the Taliban. Two days before 9-11, he was assassinated by suicide bombers posing as reporters. He was nominated for a Nobel peace prize and awarded the title ‘Hero of the Afghan Nation’ by the interim government led by Hamid Kharzai in 2001. Images of Massoud, including rugs, have great currency in Afghanistan. This depiction shows a young, vigorous Massoud surrounded by inscriptions and symbols attesting to his untimely death, his faith, and courage.
19.
Garden Runner with Weapons
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
This was one of the last rugs Rob Fyke added to his collection and in many ways the most enigmatic. In a garden-like setting with trees, flowers, a camel, several recoilless rifles, jets and helicopters it features a number of recognizable buildings. These include what is likely the Eid Gah Masjid in Kabul, the Herat Masjid, as well as the Monument to Afghan soldiers and Victory Arch located in Paghman Gardens. Paghman Gardens were built by Shah Amanullah Khan after his European tour of 1927-28, as a retreat from the heat and congestion of Kabul. Located in the foothills, the area became a Mujahidin stronghold during the war with the Soviets and again during the Civil War. Apart from the heavily damaged Victory Arch, little remains today. The carpet features a variety of inscriptions with references to historic figures including Wazir Akbar Khan a Pashtun hero from the first Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842).
20.
Four Horsemen with Rifles
War rugs--Afghanistan--History--21st century ; War rugs--Middle East--History--21st century ; War rugs--Asia, Central--History--21st century ; Afghanistan--Social life and customs
This carpet’s design is based on ‘hunting’ carpets woven from the time of the Safavid rulers of Iran as well as during the reign of the Mughals in India. Typically they depict scenes of rulers on horseback hunting, surrounded by animals and lush vegetation. The animals frequently include lions mauling other animals. Together with the horses, they suggest power, prowess, and political might.
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